4000字，25张精美交互图表，开启Plotly Express之旅

Plotly Express 是一个新的高级 Python 可视化库，它是 Plotly.py 的高级封装，为复杂图表提供简单的语法。最主要的是 Plotly 可以与 Pandas 数据类型 DataFrame 完美的结合，对于数据分析、可视化来说实在是太便捷了，而且是完全免费的，非常值得尝试

下面我们使用 Ployly 的几个内置数据集来进行相关图表绘制的演示

数据集

不同国家历年GDP收入与人均寿命

gap?=?px.data.gapminder()
gap2007?=?gap.query("year==2007")
gap2007

餐馆的订单流水

tips?=?px.data.tips()
tips

鸢尾花

iris?=?px.data.iris()??
iris

风力数据

wind?=?px.data.wind()??
wind

2013年蒙特利尔市长选举投票结果

election?=?px.data.election()?
election

蒙特利尔一个区域中心附近的汽车共享服务的可用性

carshare?=?px.data.carshare()
carshare

内置调色板

卡通片的色彩和序列

px.colors.carto.swatches()?

CMOcean项目的色阶

px.colors.cmocean.swatches()?

px.colors.colorbrewer

px.colors.cyclical?

px.colors.diverging?????

px.colors.qualitative

px.colors.sequential????????

Plotly Express 基本绘图

散点图

px.scatter(gap2007,?x="gdpPercap",?y="lifeExp")

px.scatter(gap2007,?x="gdpPercap",?y="lifeExp",?color="continent")

px.scatter(gap2007,?x="gdpPercap",?y="lifeExp",?color="continent",?size="pop",?size_max=60)

px.scatter(gap2007,?x="gdpPercap",?y="lifeExp",?color="continent",?size="pop",?
???????????size_max=60,?hover_name="country",?facet_col="continent",?log_x=True)

px.scatter(gap,?x="gdpPercap",?y="lifeExp",?color="continent",?size="pop",?
???????????size_max=60,?hover_name="country",?animation_frame="year",?animation_group="country",?log_x=True,
??????????range_x=[100,?100000],?range_y=[25,?90],?labels=dict(pop="Population",?gdpPercap="GDP?per?Capa",?lifeExp="Life?Expectancy"))

地理信息图

px.choropleth(gap,?locations="iso_alpha",?color="lifeExp",?hover_name="country",?animation_frame="year",?
??????????????color_continuous_scale=px.colors.sequential.Plasma,?projection="natural?earth")

矩阵散点图

px.scatter_matrix(iris,?dimensions=['sepal_width',?'sepal_length',?'petal_width',?'petal_length'],?color='species',?symbol='species')

平行坐标图

px.parallel_coordinates(tips,?color='size',?color_continuous_scale=px.colors.sequential.Inferno)

三元散点图

px.scatter_ternary(election,?a="Joly",?b="Coderre",?c="Bergeron",?color="winner",?size="total",?hover_name="district",
???????????????????size_max=15,?color_discrete_map?=?{"Joly":?"blue",?
???????????????????"Bergeron":?"green",?"Coderre":"red"}?)

极坐标线条图

px.line_polar(wind,?r="frequency",?theta="direction",?color="strength",?
????????????line_close=True,color_discrete_sequence=px.colors.sequential.Plotly3[-2::-1])

小提琴图

px.violin(tips,?y="tip",?x="sex",?color="smoker",?facet_col="day",?facet_row="time",box=True,?points="all",?
??????????category_orders={"day":?["Thur",?"Fri",?"Sat",?"Sun"],?"time":?["Lunch",?"Dinner"]},
??????????hover_data=tips.columns)

极坐标条形图

px.bar_polar(wind,?r="frequency",?theta="direction",?color="strength",
????????????color_discrete_sequence=?px.colors.sequential.Plotly3[-2::-1])

并行类别图

px.parallel_categories(tips,?color="size",?color_continuous_scale=px.
????????????colors.sequential.Inferno)

直方图

px.histogram(tips,?x="total_bill",?color="smoker",facet_row="day",?facet_col="time")

三维散点图

px.scatter_3d(election,?x="Joly",?y="Coderre",?z="Bergeron",?color="winner",?
??????????????size="total",?hover_name="district",symbol="result",?
??????????????color_discrete_map?=?{"Joly":?"blue",?"Bergeron":?"green",?
??????????????"Coderre":"red"})

密度等值线图

px.density_contour(iris,?x="sepal_width",?y="sepal_length",?color="species")

箱形图

px.box(tips,?x="sex",?y="tip",?color="smoker",?notched=True)

地理坐标线条图

px.line_geo(gap.query("year==2007"),?locations="iso_alpha",?
????????????color="continent",?projection="orthographic")

条线图

px.line(gap,?x="year",?y="lifeExp",?color="continent",?
????????line_group="country",?hover_name="country",
????????line_shape="spline",?render_mode="svg")

面积图

px.area(gap,?x="year",?y="pop",?color="continent",?
????????line_group="country")

热力图

px.density_heatmap(iris,?x="sepal_width",?y="sepal_length",?
???????????????????marginal_x="rug",?marginal_y="histogram")

条形图

px.bar(tips,?x="sex",?y="total_bill",?color="smoker",?barmode="group")