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微软新开源！不用写 1 行代码的自动化测试工具

百家作者：程序员的那些事 2020-12-18 17:58:50

（给程序员的那些事加星标）

【导语】：Playwright 是微软开源的一款功能强大的自动化端到端测试工具，使 UI 交互自动化，并且支持浏览器端的自动化脚本录制。

简介

Playwright是微软开源的一款功能强大的自动化测试工具，目前有4个版本，分别支持JavaScript（TypeScript）、Python、C#和Go语言，JavaScript版本目前已经在GitHub上收获了1.8万的Star，这篇文章介绍的是Python版本，要求Python版本为3.7+。几个版本功能是一致的，只是脚本语言不同而已。

Playwright支持有头（headful）模式和无头（headless）模式运行。目前支持主流的浏览器，包括Chromium内核的浏览器以及Webkit、Firefox浏览器。

功能特点：

1、录制自动化脚本

2、提供同步和异步API调用

3、可以集成Pytest框架

4、以交互模式运行

简单使用

项目地址

https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python

1、下载安装，执行以下命令，分别对应下载playwright的库，以及Chromium、Firefox 、WebKit浏览器的二进制驱动文件：

pip?install?playwrightpython -m playwright install

2、自动化脚本录制：

python -m playwright codegen

脚本录制演示效果：

3、同步API调用：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with?sync_playwright()?as?p:????for?browser_type?in?[p.chromium,?p.firefox,?p.webkit]:????????browser?=?browser_type.launch()????????page?=?browser.newPage()????????page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')????????page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')        browser.close()

4、异步API调用

import?asynciofrom playwright import async_playwright
async?def?main():????async?with?async_playwright()?as?p:????????for?browser_type?in?[p.chromium,?p.firefox,?p.webkit]:????????????browser?=?await?browser_type.launch()????????????page?=?await?browser.newPage()????????????await?page.goto('http://whatsmyuseragent.org/')????????????await?page.screenshot(path=f'example-{browser_type.name}.png')            await browser.close()asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())

5、集成Pytest框架：

def?test_playwright_is_visible_on_google(page):????page.goto("https://www.google.com")????page.type("input[name=q]",?"Playwright?GitHub")????page.click("input[type=submit]")    page.waitForSelector("text=microsoft/Playwright")

6、交互模式运行，交互模式以命令的方式控制浏览器进行相应的操作：

>>>?from?playwright?import?sync_playwright>>> playwright = sync_playwright().start()#?Use?playwright.chromium,?playwright.firefox?or?playwright.webkit#?Pass?headless=False?to?see?the?browser?UI>>>?browser?=?playwright.chromium.launch()>>>?page?=?browser.newPage()>>>?page.goto("http://whatsmyuseragent.org/")>>>?page.screenshot(path="example.png")>>>?browser.close()>>>?playwright.stop()

7、位置移动。下面这段代码表示在iPhone 11 Pro手机上打开浏览器，打开谷歌地图，定位到某个经纬度（使用了同步API，异步API详见官网，以下类似，不再赘述）：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with?sync_playwright()?as?p:????iphone_11?=?p.devices['iPhone?11?Pro']????browser?=?p.webkit.launch(headless=False)????context?=?browser.newContext(????????**iphone_11,????????locale='en-US',????????geolocation={?'longitude':?12.492507,?'latitude':?41.889938?},????????permissions=['geolocation']????)????page?=?context.newPage()????page.goto('https://maps.google.com')????page.click('text="Your?location"')????page.screenshot(path='colosseum-iphone.png')    browser.close()

8、在浏览器中执行JS脚本。下面这段代码表示打开某个网站，并获取浏览器窗口长度和宽度，并打印出来：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with?sync_playwright()?as?p:????browser?=?p.firefox.launch()????page?=?browser.newPage()????page.goto('https://www.example.com/')????dimensions?=?page.evaluate('''()?=>?{??????return?{????????width:?document.documentElement.clientWidth,????????height:?document.documentElement.clientHeight,????????deviceScaleFactor:?window.devicePixelRatio??????}????}''')????print(dimensions)    browser.close()

9、拦截网络请求。下面这段代码为浏览器设置了请求路由，拦截所有的请求并打印请求地址：

from playwright import sync_playwright
with?sync_playwright()?as?p:????browser?=?p.chromium.launch()????page?=?browser.newPage()????def?log_and_continue_request(route,?request):??????print(request.url)??????route.continue_()????#?Log?and?continue?all?network?requests????page.route('**',?lambda?route,?request:?log_and_continue_request(route,?request))????page.goto('http://todomvc.com')    browser.close()

小结

Playwright-python目前仍不是v1.0版本，后续可能会有一些大的API变化（可能性不大），并且目前Playwright-python的文档都是JavaScript版本的文档，API几乎相同，用起来问题不大，后续会逐渐完善更新Python版本的文档。

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