如何使用 Python 绘制一套动态图形？

在读技术博客的过程中，我们会发现那些能够把知识、成果讲透的博主很多都会做动态图表。他们的图是怎么做的？难度大吗？这篇文章就介绍了 Python 中一种简单的动态图表制作方法。

看这优美的舞姿

import?matplotlib.animation?as?ani

animator?=?ani.FuncAnimation(fig,?chartfunc,?interval?=?100)

• fig 是用来 「绘制图表」的 figure 对象；

• chartfunc 是一个以数字为输入的函数，其含义为时间序列上的时间；

• interval 这个更好理解，是帧之间的间隔延迟，以毫秒为单位，默认值为 200。

import?matplotlib.animation?as?ani
import?matplotlib.pyplot?as?plt
import?numpy?as?np
import?pandas?as?pdurl?=?'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19/master/csse_covid_19_data/csse_covid_19_time_series/time_series_covid19_deaths_global.csv'
df?=?pd.read_csv(url,?delimiter=',',?header='infer')df_interest?=?df.loc[
????df['Country/Region'].isin(['United?Kingdom',?'US',?'Italy',?'Germany'])
????&?df['Province/State'].isna()]df_interest.rename(
????index=lambda?x:?df_interest.at[x,?'Country/Region'],?inplace=True)
df1?=?df_interest.transpose()df1?=?df1.drop(['Province/State',?'Country/Region',?'Lat',?'Long'])
df1?=?df1.loc[(df1?!=?0).any(1)]
df1.index?=?pd.to_datetime(df1.index)

import?numpy?as?np
import?matplotlib.pyplot?as?pltcolor?=?['red',?'green',?'blue',?'orange']
fig?=?plt.figure()
plt.xticks(rotation=45,?ha="right",?rotation_mode="anchor")?#rotate?the?x-axis?values
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom?=?0.2,?top?=?0.9)?#ensuring?the?dates?(on?the?x-axis)?fit?in?the?screen
plt.ylabel('No?of?Deaths')
plt.xlabel('Dates')

def?buildmebarchart(i=int):
????plt.legend(df1.columns)
????p?=?plt.plot(df1[:i].index,?df1[:i].values)?#note?it?only?returns?the?dataset,?up?to?the?point?i
????for?i?in?range(0,4):
????????p[i].set_color(color[i])?#set?the?colour?of?each?curveimport?matplotlib.animation?as?ani
animator?=?ani.FuncAnimation(fig,?buildmebarchart,?interval?=?100)
plt.show()

import?numpy?as?np
import?matplotlib.pyplot?as?pltfig,ax?=?plt.subplots()
explode=[0.01,0.01,0.01,0.01]?#pop?out?each?slice?from?the?piedef?getmepie(i):
????def?absolute_value(val):?#turn?%?back?to?a?number
????????a??=?np.round(val/100.*df1.head(i).max().sum(),?0)
????????return?int(a)
????ax.clear()
????plot?=?df1.head(i).max().plot.pie(y=df1.columns,autopct=absolute_value,?label='',explode?=?explode,?shadow?=?True)
????plot.set_title('Total?Number?of?Deaths\n'?+?str(df1.index[min(?i,?len(df1.index)-1?)].strftime('%y-%m-%d')),?fontsize=12)import?matplotlib.animation?as?ani
animator?=?ani.FuncAnimation(fig,?getmepie,?interval?=?200)
plt.show()

df1.head(i).max()

fig?=?plt.figure()
bar?=?''def?buildmebarchart(i=int):
????iv?=?min(i,?len(df1.index)-1)?#the?loop?iterates?an?extra?one?time,?which?causes?the?dataframes?to?go?out?of?bounds.?This?was?the?easiest?(most?lazy)?way?to?solve?this?:)
????objects?=?df1.max().index
????y_pos?=?np.arange(len(objects))
????performance?=?df1.iloc[[iv]].values.tolist()[0]
????if?bar?==?'vertical':
????????plt.bar(y_pos,?performance,?align='center',?color=['red',?'green',?'blue',?'orange'])
????????plt.xticks(y_pos,?objects)
????????plt.ylabel('Deaths')
????????plt.xlabel('Countries')
????????plt.title('Deaths?per?Country?\n'?+?str(df1.index[iv].strftime('%y-%m-%d')))
????else:
????????plt.barh(y_pos,?performance,?align='center',?color=['red',?'green',?'blue',?'orange'])
????????plt.yticks(y_pos,?objects)
????????plt.xlabel('Deaths')
????????plt.ylabel('Countries')animator?=?ani.FuncAnimation(fig,?buildmebarchart,?interval=100)plt.show()

animator.save(r'C:\temp\myfirstAnimation.gif')

原文链接：https://towardsdatascience.com/learn-how-to-create-animated-graphs-in-python-fce780421afe

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