胡敏教授聊考研！攻克这3座英语大山，考研才能乘风破浪

suggest

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. 

suggest，学过的意思是“建议”，但在考研英语中它有“认为，表明”的意思。

研究工作者认为卷尾猴像人一样，被社会情绪所引导。

nature(good-natured)

 The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature. 

nature(good-natured) ，熟悉的意思是“自然”，经常考的是“本性、性质、本质”。

monkeys’ nature 猴子的天性

preserve

Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.

preserve，熟悉的是用作动词时，“保护，保养，储存”，但在作名词时，是“专有领域”。

义愤的种种感觉似乎不是人独有的一种情感。

weigh

Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are more inclined to weigh what they get.

weigh，动词，“称重”，考研多是引申意思，“掂量，权衡”。

雌性卷尾猴被选为研究对象，很可能是因为它们更倾向于权衡所得。

1. (fat) pay rise  

2. have reputation for 

3. all too (2004.4)

4. with the (underlying) assumption that...

5. finely developed 

6. above all 

7. a piece of 

8. a slice of 

9. exchange A for B

10. in return for 

11. markedly different 

12. in exchange for 

13. hand over 

14. induce resentment 

15. in the wild 

16. righteous indignation 

17. abundantly clear

18. stems from(evolve from) 

19. as yet (2004.3)

20. pose a contrast 

21. justify an assumption  

22. make a comparison 

23. explain a phenomenon 

24. slack rivals 

25. resent unfairness 

26. jealous of 

27. no (...) other than (2006.2)

28. develop emotions 

29. be inclined to (2008.1)

30. attentive to 

语块的具体使用：

“MY BOSS hires people with the assumption that we all know our jobs," says a woman who works for a small firm. 

But from the very beginning, Android was written with the assumption that one day everyone would use their smartphones as their primary Internet device. 

The playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.（2006, Text 2）

Very easy(easy prose,mostly dialogue)：8 words or less

Easy：11 words

Fairly easy：14 words

Standard(average reader)：17 words

Fairly difficult(literary English)：21 words

Difficult：25 words

Very difficult(scientific English)：30 words or more

第1段：转折/对比

Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yetpleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a studyby Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.

人人都喜欢工资暴涨。但是假如你得知你同事的工资涨得比你还多，你的那份高兴劲儿就会烟消云散。的确，如果他在大家眼里是个懒散的人，你甚至会勃然大怒。这种行为被认为是“人之常情”，言下之意是说其他动物不会有愤愤不平这种复杂的情感。但是，佐治亚州亚特兰大市Emory大学的两位学者Sarah Brosnan和Frans de Waal刚刚在《自然》杂志上发表的研究成果表明这也是“猴之常情”。

第2-5段：Topic Sentence + Development（主题句+拓展）

（第2段）

The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

研究人员对两只棕色的雌性南美卷尾猴进行了研究。它们样子很可爱，性情温和，喜欢合作，乐于分享食物。最重要的是，像人类中的女性一样，它们比公猴更倾向于关心“货物和服务”的价值。

（第3段）

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.

正是由于这些特点，它们才成了Brosnan和de Waal博士的最佳研究对象。研究人员花了两年时间教这两只猴子如何用东西交换食物。一般情况下，猴子们会很高兴用石块换取黄瓜片儿。但是当两只猴子被关在相邻的两间独立屋子、让它们能互相看到对方用石块交换到什么物品时，它们的表现就明显不一样了。

（第4段）

In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.

（第5段）

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.