酷应用

GitHub 排行榜 C 位出道：手把手教你玩转 V 语言版的俄罗斯方块！｜CSDN 博文精选

百家作者：CSDN 2019-07-02 08:18:28

作者 |?beyondma

本文精选自 CSDN 博客，已获作者授权

最近 V 语言在千呼万唤之后，终于迎来开源，并正式发布了首个可用版本。其一经推出，便强势登顶GitHub的榜首，引来各方热议。目前V已经可以实现自我编译迭代，笔者大致了解了一下V语言，主要有如下一些特性：

快速编译：V的CPU核心每秒编译约120万行代码；V也可以调用C，编译速度下降到≈100k行/秒/CPU；
安全策略：没有空；没有全局变量（意味着变量都是在函数体中声明）；没有未定义的行为；
性能：和C一样快，操作C没有任何成本，不支持运行时反射，编译器只有400K，整个语言及其标准库都小于400kb；V目前是用V写的，你可以在0.4秒内完成（到今年年底，这个数字将降至≈0.15秒）；
强大的图形能力：支持在GDI+/Cocoa绘图之上的跨平台绘图库，以及一个基于OpenGL的图形库，以支持加载复杂的三维对象与纹理。

由于曾经做过一段时间的DIRECTX的开发，V语言对于图形能力的特性宣传最吸引笔者的注意。所以我到其官网及Github上学习了一下相关内容，按照编译运行了一下俄罗斯方块的例程，接下来向大家做一下分享。

安装V语言

如果只是HELLO WORLD程序是非常简单的，只需要按照https://vlang.io官网的标准步骤来执行即可。而如果使用其图形处理能力笔者目前只在UBANTU平台测试成功——下面均是以UBANTU为例来说明。

首先将整个项目克隆下来，再make即可：

?git?clone?https://github.com/vlang/v
?cd?v
?make

如果报curl command not found，则执行以下命令安装curl：

sudo?apt?install?curl

接下来再建立软链接：

sudo?ln?-s?/home/machao/v/v?/usr/local/bin/v

然后运行v就能进到v语言的命令行了。而如果要运行俄罗斯方块还需要以下这些库的支持：

sudo?apt?install?libglfw3?libglfw3-dev?libfreetype6-dev?libcurl3-dev

运行俄罗斯方块

? ? ?

接下来cd tetris，进入到俄罗斯方块的目录，先使用gedit tetris.v。来看一下v语言的代码样例，其主要部分如下：

fn?main()?{
????glfw.init()//实始化类
????mut?game?:=?&Game{gg:?0}?//?TODO
????game.parse_tetros()
????game.init_game()
????mut?window?:=?glfw.create_window(glfw.WinCfg?{
????????width:?WinWidth
????????height:?WinHeight
????????title:?'V?Tetris'
????????ptr:?game?//?glfw?user?pointer
????})
????window.make_context_current()
????window.onkeydown(key_down)//注册事件
????gg.init()
????game.gg?=?gg.new_context(gg.Cfg?{
????????width:?WinWidth
????????height:?WinHeight
????????use_ortho:?true?//?This?is?needed?for?2D?drawing
????})
????go?game.run()?//?Run?the?game?loop?in?a?new?thread
????gl.clear()?//?For?some?reason?this?is?necessary?to?avoid?an?intial?flickering
????gl.clear_color(255,?255,?255,?255)
????for?{
????????gl.clear()
????????gl.clear_color(255,?255,?255,?255)
????????game.draw_scene()
????????window.swap_buffers()
????????glfw.wait_events()
????????if?window.should_close()?{
????????????window.destroy()
????????????glfw.terminate()
????????????exit(0)
????????}
????}
}

fn?(g?mut?Game)?move_right(dx?int)?{
????//?Reached?left/right?edge?or?another?tetro?
????for?i?:=?0;?i?< ?TetroSize;?i++?{
????????tetro?:=?g.tetro[i]
????????y?:=?tetro.y?+?g.pos_y
????????x?:=?tetro.x?+?g.pos_x?+?dx
????????row?:=?g.field[y]
????????if?row[x]?!=?0?{
????????????//?Do?not?move
????????????return
????????}
????}
????g.pos_x?+=?dx
}

fn?(g?mut?Game)?delete_completed_lines()?{
????for?y?:=?FieldHeight;?y?>=?1;?y--?{
????????g.delete_completed_line(y)
????}
}

fn?(g?mut?Game)?delete_completed_line(y?int)?{
????for?x?:=?1;?x?< =?FieldWidth;?x++?{
????????f?:=?g.field[y]
????????if?f[x]?==?0?{
????????????return
????????}
????}
????//?Move?everything?down?by?1?position
????for?yy?:=?y?-?1;?yy?>=?1;?yy--?{
????????for?x?:=?1;?x?< =?FieldWidth;?x++?{
????????????mut?a?:=?g.field[yy?+?1]
????????????mut?b?:=?g.field[yy]
????????????a[x]?=?b[x]
????????}
????}
}

//?Place?a?new?tetro?on?top
fn?(g?mut?Game)?generate_tetro()?{
????g.pos_y?=?0
????g.pos_x?=?FieldWidth?/?2?-?TetroSize?/?2
????g.tetro_idx?=?rand.next(BTetros.len)
????g.rotation_idx?=?0
????g.get_tetro()
}

//?Get?the?right?tetro?from?cache
fn?(g?mut?Game)?get_tetro()?{
????idx?:=?g.tetro_idx?*?TetroSize?*?TetroSize?+?g.rotation_idx?*?TetroSize
????g.tetro?=?g.tetros_cache.slice(idx,?idx?+?TetroSize)
}

fn?(g?mut?Game)?drop_tetro()?{
????for?i?:=?0;?i?< ?TetroSize;?i++?{
????????tetro?:=?g.tetro[i]
????????x?:=?tetro.x?+?g.pos_x
????????y?:=?tetro.y?+?g.pos_y
????????//?Remember?the?color?of?each?block
????????//?TODO:?g.field[y][x]?=?g.tetro_idx?+?1
????????mut?row?:=?g.field[y]
????????row[x]?=?g.tetro_idx?+?1
????}
}

fn?(g?&Game)?draw_tetro()?{
????for?i?:=?0;?i?< ?TetroSize;?i++?{
????????tetro?:=?g.tetro[i]
????????g.draw_block(g.pos_y?+?tetro.y,?g.pos_x?+?tetro.x,?g.tetro_idx?+?1)
????}
}

fn?(g?&Game)?draw_block(i,?j,?color_idx?int)?{
????g.gg.draw_rect((j?-?1)?*?BlockSize,?(i?-?1)?*?BlockSize,
????????BlockSize?-?1,?BlockSize?-?1,?Colors[color_idx])
}

fn?(g?&Game)?draw_field()?{
????for?i?:=?1;?i?< ?FieldHeight?+?1;?i++?{
????????for?j?:=?1;?j?< ?FieldWidth?+?1;?j++?{
????????????f?:=?g.field[i]
????????????if?f[j]?>?0?{
????????????????g.draw_block(i,?j,?f[j])
????????????}
????????}
????}
}

fn?(g?&Game)?draw_scene()?{
????g.draw_tetro()
????g.draw_field()
}

fn?parse_binary_tetro(t?int)?[]Block?{
????res?:=?[Block{}?;?4]
????mut?cnt?:=?0
????horizontal?:=?t?==?9//?special?case?for?the?horizontal?line
????for?i?:=?0;?i?< =?3;?i++?{
????????//?Get?ith?digit?of?t
????????p?:=?int(math.pow(10,?3?-?i))
????????mut?digit?:=?int(t?/?p)
????????t?%=?p
????????//?Convert?the?digit?to?binary
????????for?j?:=?3;?j?>=?0;?j--?{
????????????bin?:=?digit?%?2
????????????digit?/=?2
????????????if?bin?==?1?||?(horizontal?&&?i?==?TetroSize?-?1)?{
????????????????//?TODO:?res[cnt].x?=?j
????????????????//?res[cnt].y?=?i
????????????????mut?point?:=?&res[cnt]
????????????????point.x?=?j
????????????????point.y?=?i
????????????????cnt++
????????????}
????????}
????}
????return?res
}

//?TODO:?this?exposes?the?unsafe?C?interface,?clean?up
fn?key_down(wnd?voidptr,?key,?code,?action,?mods?int)?{
????if?action?!=?2?&&?action?!=?1?{
????????return
????}
????//?Fetch?the?game?object?stored?in?the?user?pointer
????mut?game?:=?&Game(glfw.get_window_user_pointer(wnd))
????switch?key?{
????case?glfw.KEY_ESCAPE:
????????glfw.set_should_close(wnd,?true)
????case?glfw.KeyUp:
????????//?Rotate?the?tetro
????????game.rotation_idx++
????????if?game.rotation_idx?==?TetroSize?{
????????????game.rotation_idx?=?0
????????}
????????game.get_tetro()
????????if?game.pos_x?< ?0?{
????????????game.pos_x?=?1
????????}
????case?glfw.KeyLeft:
????????game.move_right(-1)
????case?glfw.KeyRight:
????????game.move_right(1)
????case?glfw.KeyDown:
????????game.move_tetro()?//?drop?faster?when?the?player?presses?
????}
}